Volcanoes

Colombia has 15 volcanoes that are considered active. They are related to the subduction zone. They lie at the junction of three tectonic plates, the Nazca, Carribbean, and South American plate.



In November 1985, the Nevado del Ruiz eruption was one in a series of prolonged volcanic and seismic events that led to the knowing that magma was moving near the surface of the volcano.
After the Armero disaster, Colombia established a plan for warning and evacuation of threatened areas in case of another eruption. The planning included time phased response, rescue and medical aid, means of transportation, evacuation routes, alert procedures in government, formation and communication of public warnings and the review and revision of plans.
A public education campaign went underway to educate citizens that live in towns that are at risk. students were educated on volcanoes and what to do if one erupted. The civil defense and the Red Cross handed out flyers to the public about the volcanic hazard, informing the people to evacuate when they heard the siren to alert them about a volcanic eruption. 
Hazard maps made on posters were made to prepare the people at risk what to do when they heard the alarm. 




https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/colombia.html

https://www.nap.edu/read/1784/chapter/10#82

Earthquakes

Earthquakes 

Colombia is an earthquake "hot spot." It is prone to mudslides because of its mountainous terrain. These mountains are caused by the movement of the tectonic plates.

After the big earthquake in Mexico, Colombia discussed their concerns about Medellin, the country's second largest city. The Nazca Plate runs through the western part of Colombia. Ana Beatriz Acevedo who is a researcher at EAFIT University, categorizes Medellin at medium risk for an earthquake of at least 6 on the Richter scale within the next decade because of the location being so close to the ring of fire. Many houses in the country are not built over solid rock which makes them prone to earthquakes. Almost 90% of the population lives in medium to high risk zones. Colombia has seismic regulations for construction. The houses that are at risk were built before the regulations.

https://thebogotapost.com/2017/05/20/mocoa-preventing-future-disaster/

https://www.colombiafocus.com/medellin-is-not-prepared-for-an-earthquake-researchers-say

https://earthquaketrack.com/p/colombia/recent